The Kyiv City Council approved the Program for the Complex Reconstruction of Microdistricts of the Outdated Housing Fund. Let’s figure out what it is.
The program was developed by PE “Institute of Urbanism” on the order of the Department of Construction and Housing of the KMDA.
As stated in the explanatory note to decision Kyiv Council, the total amount of outdated housing stock in the city of Kyiv is 5,395 buildings.
The population living here is almost 567,000 people. These houses have actually exhausted their operational resource and are in an unsatisfactory technical condition.
WHICH BUILDINGS ARE OLD
The authors of the Program divided the entire outdated housing stock into four types. It:
- houses of historical type, built before World War I;
- barrack-type houses, mostly built after World War II;
- houses of the “Stalinka” type, ordinary and nomenclature;
- houses of the first period of industrial house building (so-called “Khrushchevki”), panel and brick.
According to one of the initiators of the decision, Deputy of the Kyiv City Council Taras Kryvoruchka (European Solidarity faction) Kyiv has a large number of historical buildings built before 1920.
Most of these buildings-monuments are used as public buildings, are under state protection and have a fairly good technical condition. For example, the “house with chimeras” by the architect Horodetskyi.
However, even despite the status of a monument, some are in too dilapidated technical condition and are on the verge of destruction (Sikorsky’s house).
“Given the historical and architectural value of such buildings and the impossibility of applying general approaches to reconstruction for their revival (since we are not talking about reconstruction, but about the restoration of similar objects), outdated residential buildings of this type are not considered in this Program. For this type of outdated buildings, decisions should be made individually,” said Taras Krivoruchko.
Barrack-type buildings were built after World War II as temporary housing. Therefore, it was built without exact calculations, with considerable savings, from improvised materials (usually, from bricks of destroyed buildings). Today, such houses have been preserved in Syrka, Darnytsia, and partly in Chokolivka.
The “Stalinka” type building was built in the 1930s and 1950s of the 20th century (the period of Stalin’s rule). Houses are divided into two subtypes — ordinary and nomenclature. There is a lot of such housing in the central areas of the city.
And finally, Khrushchev. There are the most of them in Kyiv. These houses were built according to the program of restoration of the housing stock destroyed during World War II, initiated by the then head of the USSR, Nikita Khrushchev (1950s-1970s). Of them, 21% are panel houses, 46% are brick, and 33% are large block houses.
WHY RECONSTRUCTION IS NEEDED
This is stated in the main provisions of the Program.
In Ukraine, according to the most optimistic expectations, the real period of operation of buildings of the period of industrial house construction cannot exceed 50-70 years.
This term was, first of all, established based on the “life expectancy” of engineering structures, as well as the low quality of construction in general.
“Time does its thing, every year the old buildings gradually collapse. That’s why we need to know the technical condition of the city’s outdated housing stock and, in particular, each such building,” says Taras Kryvoruchko, deputy of the Kyiv City Council.
The continuation of the operation of such buildings carries not only inconveniences, but also a direct threat, both for the residents of such housing and for the environment: destruction, accidents of worn engineering networks, unsuitability for low-mobility population groups, low energy efficiency and non-compliance with the norms of heating, hydro- and sound insulation, inefficient use of territories.
“Old residential buildings need reconstruction. This is primarily due to poor engineering networks. From the point of view of economy, it would be better to comprehensively correct the shortcomings than to make spot repairs”, – this is the opinion of another initiator of the decision Deputy of the Kyiv City Council (Unity) Yulia Yarmolenko.
WHEN RECONSTRUCTION WILL BEGIN
According to the deputy of Kryvoruchka, it is impossible to carry out reconstruction of residential quarters during martial law. This is both from an economic point of view and from a security point of view. Unfortunately, Kyiv is systematically exposed to rocket attacks, and today the priority of the city authorities is how to restore houses and objects damaged by shelling, rather than development and construction.
“But the city needs such a program so that we understand which neighborhoods need to be reconstructed after the war. Reconstruction can take place in different ways. For example, modernization is possible – phased reconstruction without displacement of people and compensations. But houses that are impractical to rebuild, for example, barrack-type and Khrushchev houses, will be demolished,” says the deputy.
In order to determine the condition of the housing stock, it is necessary to carry out its inventory. This must be done now, without waiting for the end of the war.
Therefore, conducting an inventory is the first step in the implementation of the Program. The Department of Construction and Housing of the KMDA deals with the implementation of this issue. He should conduct a competition to identify subcontractors.
For this year, 15 million hryvnias are allocated for the inventory.
“After the end of the inventory, we will determine on a competitive basis – in which quarters to attract investors. After all, the reconstruction of residential quarters in the future will be carried out exclusively at the expense of investors, both foreign and domestic. But we all understand very well that now, when Kyiv is constantly under fire, it is impossible to find an investor. Therefore, this is work for the post-war period,” Taras Kryvoruchko emphasized.
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
According to the urban planner and architect Julian Chaplinsky, there are also many countries and cities in Europe, which at one time were built with Khrushchev-style houses. These are eastern Germany, Poland, the Baltic states, etc.
For example, in Germany, the reconstruction of buildings began at the end of the 80s of the last century. The works were carried out with budget funds together with residents’ funds. But in the early 2000s, the technical condition of such buildings deteriorated due to aging. And the Germans decided that it is better to build new housing than to invest in old buildings, which will completely collapse in 10-15 years.
But in Poland and the Baltic countries, old housing is mostly reconstructed, not demolished. They conduct an inventory, draw up a work plan and gradually implement it.
WHICH QUARTERS ARE PROPOSED TO BE RECONSTRUCTED FIRST
List of quarters for priority complex reconstruction:
- St. Kostyantina Zaslonova, str. Yaltynska, str. Yury Lytvynskyi (col. Russka St.), st. Simferopol;
- St. Volga-Donska, prov. Igor Kachurovskyi, str. Yury Lytvynskyi (col. Russian street), prov. Volga-Don;
- St. Volga-Donska, prov. Volgo-Donsky, str. Trostyanetska, str. September;
- ave. Yuri Gagarin, st. Pavla Usenka, str. Ivana Sergienko, str. Volodymyr Sosyura;
- St. S. Stalskyi, str. Kurnatovskoho, str. P. Zaporozhetsa, blvd. Perova;
- St. Mykola Kybalchicha, blvd. Perova, str. Valentina Serova;
- St. Osypovskogo, str. Mezhova, str. Ivan Yizhakevich, str. Svitlytskyi;
- St. Stetsenko, str. Ivan Vyhovskyi (col. Marshala Grechko St.), St. Kvitnykarska (northern border of Kvitnitstvo-2 microdistrict), st. Vsevoloda Zmienko, str. Vsevoloda Zmienko to St. Stetsenko (eastern border of Kvitnytsvo-1 microdistrict);
- St. Deputatska, blvd. Akademika Vernadskyi, str. Vasyl Aleksukhin, str. General Vitruk;
- St. Volynska, str. Ochakivska, st. Kerchenska, str. Donetsk;
- St. Kerchenska, str. Ochakivska, str. Levka Matsievich, st. Donetsk;
- St. Levka Matsievich, st. Martirosyan, str. James Mays, st. Donetsk;
- St. Maksym Berlinskyi, st. Shchuseva, str. Borys Zhitkov, str. Yuriy Hlushka (Podvoyskyi str.);
- St. Shchuseva, str. Maksym Berlinskyi, st. Riga;
- St. Maksym Berlinskyi, st. Shchuseva, str. Akademika Grekova, str. Riga
Inna BIRYUKOVA
